9.2 Costs by nature of expense

	Note	2021	2020
Depreciation and amortisation	8	1,049.0	1,089.9
Raw materials and consumables used ⁽¹⁾		23,953.0⁽²⁾	15,462.7
Services		1,496.5	1,433.1
Taxes and charges		762.1	764.1
Employee benefits expense	9.3	981.3	938.7
Other costs by nature of expense		358.8	273.8
Merchandise and materials sold		1,243.4	977.7
Total costs by nature of expense		29,844.1	20,940.0
Change in products and adjustments to cost of sales		(1,060.0)	435.6
Total		28,784.1	21,375.6
including:
Cost of sales		26,775.1	19,441.7
Selling expenses		1,455.3	1,412.9
Administrative expenses		553.7	521

⁽¹⁾ Including PLN 78.7m of foreign exchange losses related to operating activities, recognised as cost of sales (2020: PLN 3.8m of foreign exchange losses); see Note 11.1.3.
⁽²⁾ Raw materials and consumables used increased as a result of higher prices of commodities and energy.

9.1.2 Revenue from contracts with customers by geographical market

9.3 Employee benefits expense

9.2 Costs by nature of expense

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